AIR EMISSION ACCOUNTS, 2024 – Provisional Data

The emissions of greenhouse gases and air pollutants are presented for the Republic of Croatia for the period from 2020 to 2024.

The total greenhouse gas emissions into the air decreased in 2024 compared to 2023. Emissions of air pollutants NO_X, NH₃ and PM₁₀, however, increased, while emissions of other air pollutants in the same period decreased.

In 2024, the largest quantities of greenhouse gas emissions were generated by CO₂ emissions (excluding biomass emissions as fuel), 18 588.51 thousand t (Gg), CO₂ from biomass, 6 523.02 thousand t (Gg), HFC, 2 047 664.83 t (Mg) in CO₂ equivalent, and CH₄ 128 472.65 t (Mg). Of all pollutants in 2024, CO accounted for the highest share of emissions, 200 706.23 t (Mg).

Final data will be available in the Database on 27 November 2026.

NOTES ON METHODOLOGY

Sources and methods of data collection

The data source for air emission accounts is the data compilation of the Croatian Bureau of Statistics and the Ministry of Environmental Protection and Green Transition.

The air emission accounts are one of the several physical modules of Eurostat’s programme of environmental economic accounts. They are covered by Regulation (EU) No 691/2011 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 6 July 2011 on European environmental economic accounts.

Air emission accounts record physical flows of gaseous or particulate materials ("air emissions"), which occur as a result of economic activity (production activities of business entities and activities of private households), as explained in the European System of National Accounts (ESA). They are based on the residence principle.

The basis for air emissions accounting according to economic activities (National Classification of Activities, 2007 version), i.e. according to the residence principle, consists of data obtained from:

1)  Reports on greenhouse gas emissions inventory on the territory of the Republic of Croatia according to the United Nation Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and the Kyoto Protocol;

2)  The Informative Inventory Report on air pollutants on the territory of the Republic of Croatia according to the Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution (CLRTAP) and the Directive on the reduction of national emissions of certain atmospheric pollutants; and

3)  Physical energy flow accounts (PEFA questionnaire).

Differences between air emission accounts and data from official national air emission inventories are reported through bridging items. The difference is caused by the implementation of two methodological concepts: the residence principle and the territorial principle. In accordance with the definition of system boundaries within economy based on the residence principle, air emission accounts at the national level exclude emissions produced by non-residents (e.g., tourists and international carriers), but include emissions produced by resident units abroad. The main source for the calculation of bridging items is the physical energy flow account.

Emissions by economic activities are calculated by using certain national data (data on activities and emissions of direct and indirect greenhouse gases, data from the Environmental Pollution Register, data from the energy balance, data on fluorinated greenhouse gases (F-gases) and data taken over from reports on air emissions of pollutants), which help in linking the source data categories and standard economic classifications.

Definitions

Air emissions are physical flows of gaseous or particulate materials from economy (production or consumption processes) that pollute the atmosphere. Air emissions include emissions of greenhouse gases CO₂, N₂O, CH₄, HFC, PFC and SF₆ NF₃, as well as emissions of air pollutants NO_X, SO_X, NH₃, NMVOC, CO, PM_2.5 and PM₁₀.

Published by the Croatian Bureau of Statistics, Zagreb, Ilica 3, P. O. B. 80
Phone: (+385 1) 48 06 111
Press corner: press@dzs.hr

Persons responsible:
Edita Omerzo, Director of Spatial Statistics Directorate
Lidija Brković, Director General

Prepared by:
Darko Jukić, Gordana Lepčević and Bernarda Šimunić

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