AUDIOVISUAL WORKS AND AUDIO RECORDINGS, 2023

Production of films in the Republic of Croatia

There were six film production companies and four television broadcasters in the Republic of Croatia in 2023 who reported the production of films. A total of 76 films were produced, of which 18 by film production companies and 58 within television broadcasters. By genre, the highest number of recorded films, 57 of them, were documentaries, followed by six feature films, six animated films and seven commercial films.

Audiovisual works in circulation in 2023

In 2023, eight distributers started the circulation of 1 163 audiovisual works. By country of origin, the most of them came from the United States of America, Canada, the Czech Republic and the United Kingdom. By type of commercial exploitation, almost all of them were intended for renting, while the most non-cinematic screenings were related to videos on demand.

Audio recordings in 2023

In 2023, there were 5 468 audio recordings with a circulation of 149 182 copies by 81 publishers. By recording media, the highest number of audio recordings was on CDs, as much as 3 143 of them, followed by 1 855 digital publications, 259 boxed sets and 211 LPs. Concerning the recording media, a growing trend was spotted of recordings on somewhat more traditional media such as LPs and CDs. By type of music recorded on LPs, rock, pop and electronic music had the greatest share. Out of the total of 155 electronic music recordings distributed, 13% of them were distributed on LPs, whereas 11% of the total of  917 rock recordings were distributed on LPs.

By type of music materials, 58% of materials issued in 2023 was pop music, followed by 17% of rock music and 9% of classical music, whereas other types of music were present in a lesser percentage.

NOTES ON METHODOLOGY

Sources and methods of data collection

Data are produced by processing annual reports filled in by companies engaged in film production (KINO-2 form), television broadcasters (TV-1 form), companies engaged in import/export and distribution of films (KINO-4 and  KINO-5 forms), companies engaged in circulation of audiovisual works (NKL 5/1 form) and companies engaged in production of sound recordings (NKL 5/2).

The methodology is harmonised with the following legislation: the Copyright and Related Rights Act (NN, No. 111/21), the Audiovisual Activities Act (NN, Nos 61/18 and 114/22) and the Ordinance of the Categorisation of Audiovisual Works (NN, No. 40/21).

Coverage and comparability

The statistical survey encompasses business entities engaged in the production and circulation of films as well as distributers. Data are comparable to those released in previous years.

Definitions and explanations

A copyright work is an original intellectual creation in the literary, scientific and artistic domain, having an individual character, irrespective of the manner and form of its expression, its type, value or purpose.

Copyright means rights of authors in respect of their works in the literary, scientific and artistic domains. Concerning the content, copyright include moral, economic, and other rights of authors. Economic rights of the author include: right of reproduction, right of distribution (right to put into circulation), right of communication of a copyright work to the public, and right of alteration. The author has the exclusive right to do with his copyright work and the benefits deriving from it whatever he likes, and to exclude any other person from it.

Audiovisual activities include the development, production, advertising, distribution and showing of audiovisual works.

Audiovisual works are feature and documentary films, animated films, alternative films, experimental films, and all other audiovisual works that are artistic and the author’s expression irrespective of the technology used to make them, medium they are fixed on, and the way they are presented.

Film categories are feature films, documentary films, animated films, commercial films and scientific films.

Film genre is a subtype of a motion picture, which, at some point in history, has been settled, made different from other types and coordinated so that, in a given period, it successfully affects both the spectator’s perception and the production of films. The following subtypes of motion pictures are considered genres: drama, history film, thriller, action (war) film, melodrama, adventurous film, western, music film, comedy, crime film, children’s film, science-fiction film, horror and erotic film.

Audiovisual works are considered co-authored works. The principal director is the main co-author of an audiovisual work. Other co-authors of an audiovisual work are the author of a screenplay, the principal cameraman, the principal image and sound editor and the composer of music specifically created for use in such work. If a drawing or animation represents an essential element of an audiovisual work, the principal drawer or the principal animator shall be considered as a co-author of that work.

A producer of an audiovisual work is a self-employed natural person/trade owner or legal person who initiates the process of production of an audiovisual work and completely supervises its production, raises the funds in its own name, organizes the production or takes responsibility for the overall financial operation and quality of the work and together with the director and team of authors participates in the process of creating audiovisual work, its promotion and marketing at film festivals and its exploitation.

Subject matter of protection of the rights of audiovisual producers is a videogram, as a fixation of an audiovisual work, as well as of a sequence of moving images accompanied by sound or without sound.

Distributor is a natural person or a legal entity that engaged in the distribution of audiovisual works, registered as a distributor of audiovisual works and registered in a distributors’ records kept by the Croatian Audiovisual Centre.

Home use is handing over or sale of a videogram to business entities registered for renting videograms to citizens or sale of videograms for their personal use.

A phonogram (audio recording) is deemed to be the fixation of the sounds of a performance or of other sounds or of representations of sounds, other than in the form of fixations incorporated in an audiovisual work. Fixation means the embodiment of sounds, or of the representations thereof, in a medium from which they can be listened, reproduced or communicated through a device. A phonogram can be fixated to various media, e.g. CD, DVD, LP, or in a form of a digital medium etc. A phonogram is a subject matter of protection of the rights of a phonogram producers. The rights in a phonogram are not in any way limited with its embodiment in a videogram.

A phonogram producer is a natural or a legal person, who or which takes the initiative and has the responsibility for the first fixation of sounds of a performance or of other sounds or of representations of sounds. It shall be considered that the phonogram producer is the one whose name or company name is regularly indicated as the holder of the rights of phonogram producers on the phonogram, until proven to the contrary.

Published by the Croatian Bureau of Statistics, Zagreb, Ilica 3, P. O. B. 80
Phone: (+385 1) 48 06 111
Press corner: press@dzs.hr

Persons responsible:
Mario Vlajčević, Director of Demographic and Social Statistics Directorate
Lidija Brković, Director General

Prepared by:
Marija Gojević, Gordana Bralić and Maja Lončar

USERS ARE KINDLY REQUESTED TO STATE THE SOURCE.

Customer Relations and Data Protection Department

Information and user requests
Phone: (+385 1) 48 06 138, 48 06 154, 48 06 115
E-mail: stat.info@dzs.hr

Subscription
Phone: (+385 1) 21 00 455
E-mail: prodaja@dzs.hr