First Release

Year: LXI.
Zagreb, 08 April 2024
PSZ-2024-2-1

ISSN 1334-0557

PERPETRATORS OF MISDEMEANOURS, BY TYPE OF MISDEMEANOUR, 2023

In 2023, there were 93 938 accused adult perpetrators of misdemeanours, which represents a decrease of 5.9% compared to 2022, while the number of those found guilty decreased by 7.0% compared to the previous year.

The number of accused juvenile perpetrators of misdemeanours amounted to 2 021 in 2023, which represents an increase of 2.0% compared to 2022, while the number of those found guilty decreased by 19.5% compared to the previous year.

In 2023, there were 11 082 accused legal entities – perpetrators of misdemeanours, which represents a decrease of 21.1% compared to 2022, while the number of those recognised as responsible decreased by 21.4% compared to the previous year.

The number of accused persons in charge – perpetrators of misdemeanours amounted to 10 881 in 2023, which represents a decrease of 23.2% compared to 2022, while the number of those who were found guilty decreased by 22.8% compared to the previous year.

Adult perpetrators of misdemeanours committed most misdemeanours in the field of safety in traffic (51.2%) and juvenile perpetrators in the field of public order and peace and general safety (58.0%). Legal entities as well as persons in charge committed most misdemeanours in the field of financial activities (45.2% of legal entities and 49.5% of persons in charge).

1 MISDEMEANOUR PERPETRATORS

      Adult Juvenile Legal entities and persons in charge
Accused Found guilty Accused Found guilty Legal entities Persons in charge
Accused Found responsible Accused Found guilty
2022 99 805 85 279 1 982 41 14 044 10 205 14 161 11 049
2023 93 938 79 267 2 021 33 11 082 8 022 10 881 8 528
Indices
2023
2022
94,1 93,0 102,0 80,5 78,9 78,6 76,8 77,2

G-1 ACCUSED ADULT PERSONS, BY TYPE OF MISDEMEANOUR, 2023

2 DECISIONS MADE BY COMPETENT MISDEMEANOUR BODIES AND PRONOUNCED SANCTIONS, BY TYPE OF MISDEMEANOUR, 2023

       Total Type of misdemeanour
Public order and peace and general safety Safety of road traffic Economy Financial activities
Adult persons          
Total 93 938 25 006 48 078 6 273 14 581
Women 16 292 4 319 7 876 1 892 2 205
Not found guilty 14 671 4 699 6 740 2 727 505
Women 3 736 1 208 1 439 977 112
Terminated proceeding 811 251 234 57 269
Judgement rejecting charges 3 035 1 160 1 029 720 126
Judgement of acquittal 10 825 3 288 5 477 1 950 110
Found guilty 79 267 20 307 41 338 3 546 14 076
Women 12 556 3 111 6 437 915 2 093
Imprisonment – total 5 340 3 410 1 930 - -
Suspended 3 971 2 682 1 289 - -
Fine 70 310 16 498 36 708 3 075 14 029
Admonition 2 890 165 2 465 257 3
Found guilty, but acquitted/no penalty 727 234 235 214 44
Security measure applied 13 503 2 453 11 044 5 1
Juvenile persons          
Total 2 021 1 172 818 29 2
Female persons 255 165 84 6 -
Not found guilty 1 988 1 147 810 29 2
Female persons 253 163 84 6 -
Terminated proceeding 276 183 87 6 -
Not found guilty but educational and/or security measure applied 1 712 964 723 23 2
Found guilty 33 25 8 - -
Female persons 2 2 - - -
Juvenile imprisonment – total 7 6 1 - -
Suspended 6 6 - - -
Fine 26 19 7 - -
Educational measure applied 1 708 961 722 23 2
Of that, with security measure 37 11 26 - -
Female persons 188 120 64 4 -
Reprimand 1 561 857 679 23 2
Special obligations 132 94 38 - -
Assignment to disciplinary centre 15 10 5 - -
Security measure applied 44 15 29 - -
Female persons 1 1 - - -
Of that, with educational measure 37 11 26 - -
Of that, with sentence 3 1 2 - -
Legal entities and persons in charge          
Total ‒ Legal entities 11 082 309 909 4 857 5 007
Legal entities not found responsible 3 060 97 376 1 930 657
Proceedings terminated 863 11 9 347 496
Judgement rejecting charges 1 203 45 68 970 120
Judgement of acquittal 994 41 299 613 41
Legal entities found  responsible 8 022 212 533 2 927 4 350
Fine 7 531 200 489 2 523 4 319
Admonition 22 1 7 13 1
Found responsible  but no penal sentence 469 11 37 391 30
Security measure applied - - - - -
Total – Persons in charge 10 881 204 620 4 673 5 384
Women 2 577 38 79 1 216 1 244
Persons in charge not found guilty 2 353 83 269 1 610 391
Women 555 11 31 411 102
Proceedings terminated 289 4 6 64 215
Judgement rejecting charges 1 165 37 55 956 117
Judgement of acquittal 899 42 208 590 59
Persons in charge found guilty 8 528 121 351 3 063 4 993
Women 2 022 27 48 805 1 142
Fine 8 049 109 305 2 672 4 963
Admonition 59 1 26 28 4
Found guilty but no penal sentence 420 11 20 363 26
Security measure applied 1 - - 1 -

G-2  JUVENILES, BY PRONOUNCED SENTENCES, 2023

Types of pronounced sentences

Types of educational measures applied

Types of security measures applied

G-3  LEGAL ENTITIES AND PERSONS IN CHARGE, BY TYPE OF DECISION, 2023

Legal entities

Persons in charge

NOTES ON METHODOLOGY

Sources and methods of data collection

On the basis of the Official Statistics Act (NN, No. 25/20), data on misdemeanours committed by adult and juvenile persons as well as by legal entities and persons in charge are collected by regular statistical surveys, which use the following statistical reports: the Statistical Report for Accused Adult against Whom Misdemeanour Proceedings Have Been Validly Concluded (SPK-1 form), the Statistical Report for Accused Juvenile against Whom Misdemeanour Proceedings Have Been Validly Concluded (SPK-2 form) and the Statistical Report for Legal Entity and Person in Charge against Whom Misdemeanour Proceedings Have Been Validly Concluded (SPK-3 form).

Statistical reports are filled in by competent municipal courts as well as by competent state administration bodies, authorised to adjudicate in misdemeanour proceedings: tax administration offices, regional customs offices, harbour master’s offices, management body of air traffic and financial inspectorate.

The Misdemeanour Act (NN, Nos 107/07, 39/13, 157/13, 110/15, 70/17, 118/18 and 114/22) was put into effect on 1 January 2008 and, since then, it has been applied in statistical surveys.

Coverage

Statistical surveys cover all perpetrators of misdemeanours – adults, juveniles, legal entities and persons in charge – in order to examine the volume and spread of misdemeanours for the whole territory of the Republic of Croatia.

Definitions

Misdemeanours are conducts that violate or threaten public order, social discipline or other social values guaranteed and protected by the Constitution of the Republic of Croatia, national and international laws, the protection of which is not possible without the misdemeanour system of sanctions and is not achieved through the penal coercion.

In regard of statistical surveys, misdemeanours cover an occurrence that starts with reporting a committed misdemeanour and ends with a valid conclusion of proceedings done by a competent misdemeanour body.

Adult perpetrator of misdemeanour is a person who turned 18 at the time of committing a misdemeanour, and against whom misdemeanour proceedings have been validly concluded by either a decision on termination of the proceedings, judgement on rejection of charges, judgement of acquittal, or a decision by which a person is found guilty.

Juvenile perpetrator of misdemeanour is a person who, at the time of committing a misdemeanour, turned 14 but not yet 18 years of age, and against whom misdemeanour proceedings have been validly concluded by either a decision on termination of the proceedings, decision by which person is found guilty (juveniles between 16 and18 years of age who were sentenced by juvenile imprisonment or fine).

According to the Misdemeanour Act (NN, Nos 107/07, 39/13, 157/13, 110/15, 70/17, 118/18 and 114/22), educational measure is applied to a juvenile perpetrator of misdemeanour by court‘s decision. In the pronunciation of the decision, it is only stated which measure is applied, but the juvenile perpetrator is not pronounced guilty of the committed misdemeanour.

Person in charge perpetrator of misdemeanour is a person in charge (director, accountant manager, cashier etc.) in a legal entity (trade company, state body etc.) against whom misdemeanour proceedings have been validly concluded by either a decision on termination of the proceedings, judgement on rejection of charges, judgement of acquittal, or a decision by which person is found guilty.

Legal entities – perpetrators of misdemeanours are domestic legal entities (for example, trade companies, state bodies, unions and alike) as well as foreign entities considered as legal entities under Croatian law, against which misdemeanour proceedings have been validly concluded by either a decision on termination of the proceedings, judgement on rejection of charges, judgement of acquittal, or a decision by which legal entity has been find responsible.

 

Abbreviations  
   
NN Narodne novine, official gazette of the Republic of Croatia
   
Symbols  
   
- no occurrence

 

Published by the Croatian Bureau of Statistics, Zagreb, Ilica 3, P. O. B. 80
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Persons responsible:
Dubravka Rogić Hadžalić, Director of Demographic and Social Statistics Directorate
Lidija Brković, Director General

Prepared by:
Maja Martinac Turčinović and Mario Vlajčević

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