First Release

Year: LX.
Zagreb, 17 March 2023
OBR-2023-4-2

ISSN 1334-0557

DOCTORS OF SCIENCE, 2022

According to the data of the Croatian Bureau of Statistics, a total of 792 persons obtained their degree of doctors of science in 2022. The share of women in that number amounted to 416, that is, 52.5%.

More women than men among doctors of science

Out of the total of 792 doctors of science, 67.6% of them obtained their degree at the University of Zagreb, 11.1% at the University of Osijek, 8.1% (each) at the University of Split and at the University of Rijeka, 4.0% at the University of Zadar, 0.8% at the University North, Koprivnica, 0.2% at the Catholic University of Croatia, Zagreb, and 0.1% at the University of Slavonski Brod.

The highest share of female doctors of science obtained their degree at the University North, Koprivnica, 83.3%, followed by the University of Osijek, 58.0%, the University of Split, 54.7%, the University of Zagreb, 52.7%, the University of Zadar, 46.9%, and the University of Rijeka, 43.8%. There were no female doctors of science at the University of Slavonski Brod.

Biomedicine and health – the most often chosen field of doctoral dissertations

The majority of doctoral dissertations in 2022 were defended in the field of Biomedicine and health (22.8%), followed by the field of Engineering (20.9%), Natural sciences (17.4%), Social sciences (17.0%), Humanities (11.5%) and Biotechnical sciences (8.8%). The smallest number of doctoral dissertations were defended in Interdisciplinary fields of science (1.6%).

There were 7.8% of doctors of science who have already obtained a master’s degree.

The largest number of doctors of science in the 30 to 34 age group

Regarding age, the largest number of all doctors of science was classified in the 30 – 34 age group (35.6%). There were 15.2% of doctors of science in the up-to-29 age group, 17.7% of doctors of science in the 35 – 39 age group, 12.6% in the 40 – 44 age group, 9.7% in the 45 – 49 age group and 9.2% in the 50-and-over age group.

The largest number of doctors of science employed in Education

The largest number of doctors of science were employed in the following activities: 52.4% in Education, 14.9% in Professional, scientific and technical activities, 14.8% in Human health and social welfare, and 5.1% in Public administration and defence; compulsory social security. There were 11.7% of doctors of science employed in other activities, while 1.1% of them were unemployed.

The costs of studies mostly paid by employers

Regarding the costs of postgraduate university studies leading to a doctoral degree, 48.5% of them were paid by employers, 34.6% by doctors of science themselves, the costs for 13.1% of doctors of science were allocated from the State Budget, while the costs of 3.8% of doctors of science belonged to the category Other.

1 DOCTORS OF SCIENCE, BY UNIVERSITIES WHERE THEY OBTAINED DOCTOR’S DEGREE, SCIENTIFIC AND ARTISTIC FIELD OF DOCTORAL DISSERTATION AND SEX, 2022

   Total Scientific and artistic field of doctoral dissertation
All Women Natural sciences Engineering Biomedicine and health Biotechnical sciences Social sciences Humanities  Interdisciplinary fields of science 
Total 792 416 138 165 180 70 135 91 13
University of Osijek 88 51 11 10 24 22 18 3 -
University of Rijeka 64 28 - 23 17 - 14 5 5
University North, Koprivnica 6 5 - - - - 6 - -
University of Slavonski Brod 1 - - 1 - - - - -
University of Split 64 35 4 9 32 - 10 8 1
University of Zadar 32 15 - - - - 13 18 1
University of Zagreb 535 282 123 122 107 48 74 55 6
Catholic University of Croatia, Zagreb 2 - - - - - - 2 -

G-1 DOCTORS OF SCIENCE, BY SCIENTIFIC AND ARTISTIC FIELD OF DOCTORAL DISSERTATION AND SEX, 2022

2 DOCTORS OF SCIENCE, BY SCIENTIFIC AND ARTISTIC FIELD OF DOCTORAL DISSERTATION, AGE GROUPS AND SEX, 2022

  Total Age groups
All Women Up to 29 30 – 34 35 – 39 40 – 44 45 – 49 50 and over
Total 792 416 120 282 140 100 77 73
Natural sciences 138 71 51 52 16 10 3 6
Mathematics 16 6 6 8 - - - 2
Physics 31 6 16 9 5 - 1 -
Geological science 2 1 - 1 - - - 1
Chemistry 38 22 17 14 4 2 - 1
Biology 36 27 7 15 4 6 2 2
Geophysics 4 3 - 2 2 - - -
Interdisciplinary natural sciences 11 6 5 3 1 2 - -
Engineering 165 40 31 77 24 12 6 15
Naval architecture 2 1 1 1 - - - -
Electrical engineering 37 7 9 14 6 3 3 2
Architecture and town planning 5 3 - - 2 - - 3
Geodesy 5 2 - 4 1 - - -
Civil engineering 27 10 3 17 3 3 - 1
Graphic technology 3 2 - 2 - - - 1
Chemical engineering 6 3 2 4 - - - -
Computer science 25 2 7 11 3 3 - 1
Mining, petroleum and geological engineering 2 - - 2 - - - -
Mechanical engineering 31 2 7 15 4 2 - 3
Technology of transport and traffic 15 5 1 5 3 1 2 3
Textile technology 1 1 - - 1 - - -
Aeronautics, rocket and space technology 2 - - 1 - - - 1
Basic technical sciences 2 1 1 1 - - - -
Interdisciplinary technical sciences 2 1 - - 1 - 1 -
Biomedicine and health  180 124 20 54 34 21 30 21
Basic medical sciences 33 21 9 16 5 2 1 -
Clinical medicine 89 57 3 22 22 13 16 13
Public health and health care 8 6 - 3 1 - 2 2
Veterinary medicine 13 12 3 1 1 2 4 2
Dental medicine 17 13 1 5 3 1 3 4
Pharmacy 20 15 4 7 2 3 4 -
Biotechnical sciences 70 48 9 36 8 9 4 4
Agronomy 32 19 4 15 4 5 3 1
Forestry 4 1 1 1 1 1 - -
Wood technology 1 - - 1 - - - -
Biotechnology 12 10 2 8 1 1 - -
Food technology 17 14 2 10 2 2 1 -
Nutrition 3 3 - 1 - - - 2
Interdisciplinary biotechnical sciences 1 1 - - - - - 1
Social sciences 135 71 4 38 31 23 20 19
Economics 47 22 1 16 9 8 5 8
Law 9 5 - 4 2 1 1 1
Political science 5 2 - 1 2 1 - 1
Education and rehabilitation sciences 3 3 1 1 - 1 - -
Information and communication sciences 20 15 - 3 6 3 5 3
Sociology 4 1 - 2 2 - - -
Psychology 4 3 1 1 1 1 - -
Pedagogy 6 6 - 1 1 2 2 -
Kinesiology 20 7 1 5 5 2 4 3
Social work 2 2 - 1 - 1 - -
Interdisciplinary social sciences 15 5 - 3 3 3 3 3
Humanities 91 53 4 21 25 21 13 7
Philosophy 9 3 2 2 4 1 - -
Theology 3 - - 1 1 - 1 -
Linguistics 32 26 - 8 9 8 6 1
History  5 - 1 2 - 1 1 -
History of arts 8 4 - 2 1 3 - 2
Science of arts 3 2 - - 1 2 - -
Archaeology 5 1 - 2 2 1 - -
Ethnology and anthropology 1 1 - 1 - - - -
Religious sciences (interdisciplinary field) 3 1 - 1 - 1 - 1
Interdisciplinary humanities 22 15 1 2 7 4 5 3
Interdisciplinary fields of science 13 9 1 4 2 4 1 1
Geography 1 - - 1 - - - -
Croatology 2 - - 1 - 1 - -
Educational sciences 5 5 - - 1 2 1 1
Biotechnology in biomedicine 5 4 1 2 1 1 - -

G-2 DOCTORS OF SCIENCE, BY AGE GROUPS AND SEX, 2022

3 DOCTORS OF SCIENCE, BY SCIENTIFIC AND ARTISTIC FIELD OF DOCTORAL DISSERTATION AND MASTER’S THESIS, 2022

Scientific and artistic field of master’s thesis Total Scientific and artistic field of doctoral dissertation
Natural sciences Engineering Biomedicine and health Biotechnical sciences Social sciences Humanities Interdisciplinary fields of science
Total 792 138 165 180 70 135 91 13
Natural sciences 5 4 - 1 - - - -
Engineering 12 - 12 - - - - -
Biomedicine and health 12 - - 12 - - - -
Biotechnical sciences 2 1 - - 1 - - -
Social sciences 22 - 1 - 2 18 1 -
Humanities 7 - 1 - - - 6 -
Artistic field 1 - - - - - 1 -
Interdisciplinary fields of science 1 - - - - - - 1
Not obtained master’s degree 730 133 151 167 67 117 83 12

4 DOCTORS OF SCIENCE, BY ACTIVITY OF EMPLOYMENT, BY WAY OF PAYING FOR POSTGRADUATE DOCTORAL STUDY AND BY SEX, 2022

  Total Way of paying for postgraduate doctoral study
All Women Employer State Budget funds Doctors of science themselves Other
Total 792 416 384 104 274 30
Employees 783 412 384 104 268 27
Agriculture, forestry and fishing 4 1 - - 4 -
Manufacturing 9 5 3 - 6 -
Electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning supply 6 1 2 - 4 -
Water supply; sewerage, waste management and remediation activities 1 1 - - 1 -
Construction 4 2 2 1 - 1
Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles 9 3 4 1 4 -
Transportation and storage 3 2 1 - 2 -
Accommodation and food service activities 1 - - - 1 -
Information and communication 19 5 8 2 8 1
Financial and insurance activities 6 2 1 - 5 -
Professional, scientific and technical activities 118 59 65 27 21 5
Public administration and defence; compulsory social security 40 24 13 2 24 1
Education 415 216 257 63 81 14
Human health and social work activities 117 78 21 7 86 3
Arts, entertainment and recreation 19 11 3 1 13 2
Other service activities 10 2 4 - 6 -
Activities of extraterritorial organisations  2 - - - 2 -
Unemployed 9 4 - - 6 3

G-3 DOCTORS OF SCIENCE, BY WAY OF PAYING FOR POSTGRADUATE DOCTORAL STUDY, 2022

NOTES ON METHODOLOGY

Sources and methods of data collection

Data are the result of the annual data processing of statistical sheets for doctors of science (ŠV-70 form), which are filled in by doctors of science or doctors of art at obtaining this degree.

Coverage and comparability

The statistical survey covers all schools of higher education in the Republic of Croatia that establish and carry out the postgraduate university study for obtaining a doctoral degree or allow for obtaining a doctoral degree according to the Act on Scientific Activity and Higher Education (NN, Nos 123/03, 198/03, 105/04, 174/04, 02/07, 46/07, 45/09, 63/11, 94/13, 139/13, 101/14, 60/15 and 131/17).

Data are comparable to those from previous years.

Definitions and explanations

Doctor of science is a person who defended a doctoral dissertation.

Institution of higher education is any institution authorised to organise and implement courses of study as well as scientific research, highly professional or artistic work. Institutions of higher education are divided in the following way: university and adjoining faculties and art academies, polytechnic and school of higher education. Institutions of higher education may be public and private.

The postgraduate university study can be enrolled after the completion of a graduate university study.

Postgraduate university study, as a rule, lasts for three years. After fulfilling all conditions and on public defending of a doctoral dissertation, a person obtains an academic degree of the doctor of science (Dr. Sc.) or the doctor of art (Dr. Art) with a reference to the field of study, in line with the Rule Book of Scientific and Artistic Disciplines, Fields and Branches (NN, Nos 118/09, 82/12, 32/13, 34/16 and 56/22).

 

Abbreviations            
             
NN Narodne novine, official gazette of the Republic of Croatia
             
Symbols            
             
- no occurrence        

 

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