INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTION VOLUME INDEX AND INDICES OF STOCKS, PERSONS EMPLOYED AND LABOUR PRODUCTIVITY IN INDUSTRY, DECEMBER 2022

 

Industrial production volume index – total

The total seasonally and working-day adjusted industrial production in the Republic of Croatia in December 2022, as compared to November 2022, increased by 0.1%.

In December 2022, as compared to December 2021, the industrial production in the Republic of Croatia, working-day adjusted, decreased by 2.4%.

PNG

Industrial production volume index, according to the MIGs 2009. aggregates

Monthly comparison¹⁾

In December 2022, as compared to November 2022, Capital goods increased by 5.6% and Intermediate goods by 0.7%, while Energy decreased by 3.6%, Non-durable consumer goods by 1.0% and Durable consumer goods by 0.7%.

Annual comparison²⁾

In December 2022, as compared to December 2021, Energy decreased by 10.1%, Non-durable consumer goods by 4.9%, Durable consumer goods by 4.0% and Intermediate goods by 3.8%, while Capital goods increased by 15.9%.

Industrial production volume index, according to the NKD 2007. sections – adjusted indices

Monthly comparison¹⁾

According to the NKD 2007. sections, seasonally and working-day adjusted industrial production in December 2022, as compared to November 2022, increased in Manufacturing by 0.8%, while it decreased in Electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning supply by 4.9% and in Mining and quarrying by 2.2%.

Annual comparison²⁾

In December 2022, as compared to December 2021, the industrial production, working-day adjusted, decreased in Electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning supply by 12.0% and in Mining and quarrying by 8.8%, while it increased in Manufacturing by 0.3%.

Producers’ stock index of industrial finished products – gross indices

At the end of December 2022, the total stocks of industrial finished products in the Republic of Croatia were 3.2% higher than the stocks at the end of November 2022 and 4.8% higher than the stocks at the end of December 2021.

Index of persons employed in industry – gross indices

The total number of persons employed in industry in December 2022 was 0.5% lower than in November 2022 and 0.3% lower than in December 2021.

Labour productivity index in industry – gross indices

In the period from January to December 2022, the total labour productivity in industry increased by 1.8%, as compared to the same period of 2021.

1) Seasonally and working-day adjusted indices. See Notes on Methodology.
2) Working-day adjusted indices. See Notes on Methodology.

 

I SEASONALLY ADJUSTED AND WORKING-DAY ADJUSTED INDICATORS

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II GROSS INDICES

PNG PNG

MIGs 2009.		NKD 2007. sections
AI	Intermediate goods	B	Mining and quarrying
AE	Energy	C	Manufacturing
BB	Capital goods
CD	Durable consumer goods
CN	Non-durable consumer goods

 

PNG PNG

MIGs 2009.		NKD 2007. sections
AI	Intermediate goods	B	Mining and quarrying
AE	Energy	C	Manufacturing
BB	Capital goods	D	Electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning supply
CD	Durable consumer goods
CN	Non-durable consumer goods

 

III ANNEX – INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTION VOLUME INDICES – TIME SERIES

NOTES ON METHODOLOGY

Industrial production volume indices are presented on an interannual chain basis and on the fixed base year 2015 = 100, in line with the Regulation (EU) No. 2019/2152 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 27 November 2019 on European business statistics, repealing 10 legal acts in the field of business statistics. The Croatian Bureau of Statistics submits the industrial production index for the Republic of Croatia to Eurostat on a monthly basis and publishes it on Eurostat’s web site http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/euroindicators for the principal European economic indicators (the so-called PEEIs) presented on the fixed base year 2015 = 100, which enables a direct comparison of the development of industrial production between the Member States. The industrial production volume index for the Republic of Croatia is fully harmonised with the European standards.

We kindly inform users that the First Release IND-2022-3-1 is published around the 29^th day in a month at 11 o’clock for the indices from the previous reference month. Precise publishing dates are listed in the Calendar of Statistical Data Issues for 2022, which is available, besides in the printed form, on the website of the Croatian Bureau of Statistics at https://podaci.dzs.hr/en/.

Legal and methodological framework

The presented indices were calculated on the basis of the data collected in the Monthly Survey on Industrial Production and Persons Employed (IND-1/KPS/M form) in 2022, which is directly carried out by the Croatian Bureau of Statistics on the basis of the Official Statistics Act (NN, No. 25/20).

The concepts and definitions used in the IND-1/KPS/M Survey are specified in the Statistical Standards for the Monthly Survey on Industrial Production and Persons Employed (IND-1/KPS/M form) published on the website of the Croatian Bureau of Statistics at https://dzs.gov.hr/classifications/670. The concepts and definitions are harmonised with the EU concepts and definitions and especially with the Regulation (EU) No. 2019/2152 of the European Parliament and of the Council and the Commission Regulation (EU) No. 2020/1197.

Scope and coverage

The IND-1/KPS/M Survey covers enterprises and parts thereof employing 20 or more persons (the so-called ‘cut-off’ sample) and performing one or several industrial activities listed in the NKD 2007. sections B Mining and quarrying, C Manufacturing and D Electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning supply, that is, their divisions 05 – 35 except group 35.3 (NN, Nos 58/07 and 72/07). The IND-1/KPS/M Survey for December 2022 covered 1 969 enterprises (legal entities and tradesmen). In December 2022, the response rate was 98.9% and the non-response estimate was 1.1%.

Reference period and data collection method

The reference period for data collection is one month and is identical to a calendar month. The data collection method used in 2022 is a web-based application (the so-called CAWI). The reporting units enter data directly into the IND-1/KPS/M e-form, which is available on the website of the Croatian Bureau of Statistics at https://podaci.dzs.hr/hr/obrasci/industrija/.

The time schedule for data collection is between 1^st and 15^th day in a month for the previous reference month data.

INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTION INDICES

Definition of indicator

The industrial production volume index is an important short-term indicator of a business cycle that measures the monthly results of the industrial sector. Taking into account its periodicity and its rapid availability, it is a central and an up-to-date indicator of the development of the industrial sector, which is one of the most volatile components of economy.

Industrial production volume indices are indices of finished industrial products defined by the Nomenclature of Industrial Products (NIPUM 2022.).

A finished product is considered every product that reached a certain level in the production process and listed in the NIPUM 2022. under a separate code and heading.

Calculation method¹⁾

Industrial production volume indices for various levels of the NKD 2007. are calculated in two stages according to the Laspeyres formula. In the first stage, indices are calculated from quantity data on the production of individual products according to the NIPUM 2022. and an adequate weighting coefficient, which represents an estimated value added of individual products. In the second stage, all indices of groups and higher levels are weighted with the shares of the value added of the individual activities of industrial production by the NKD 2007. levels. In this way, the relative importance of individual levels is defined and, at the same time, different levels of coverage are levelled.

MIGs 2009. aggregates

Indices for MIGs 2009. aggregates are calculated in the same way, according to the predominant end-use of products within the same NKD 2007. activity group. Since January 2009, new definitions have been applied for MIGs aggregations in the calculation of aggregated indices in order to facilitate further harmonisation with the EU statistical standards.²⁾

The grouping at the level of the NKD 2007. groups or divisions according to the MIGs 2009., using alphabetic marks of abbreviations, was done as follows:

Al	Intermediate goods: the NKD 2007. divisions and groups: 07 – 09, 10.6, 10.9, 13.1 – 13.3, 16, 17, 20.1 – 20.3, 20.5, 20.6, 22 – 24, 25.5 – 25.7, 25.9, 26.1, 26.8, 27.1 – 27.4 and 27.9
AE	Energy: the NKD 2007. divisions: 05, 06, 19 and 35 (excluding 35.3)
BB	Capital goods: the NKD 2007. divisions and groups: 25.1 – 25.4, 26.2, 26.3, 26.5, 26.6, 28, 29, 30.1 – 30.4, 32.5 and 33
CD	Consumer durables: the NKD 2007. divisions and groups: 26.4, 26.7, 27.5, 30.9, 31, 32.1 and 32.2
CN	Consumer non-durables: the NKD 2007. divisions and groups: 10.1 – 10.5, 10.7, 10.8, 11, 12, 13.9, 14, 15, 18, 20.4, 21, 32.3, 32.4 and 32.9

Weighting system

The weighting coefficients of individual products of the NIPUM 2022. used in the calculation of industrial production index represent the value added to the unit production of a respective product. They are calculated on the basis of unit values of the PRODCOM survey on industrial production for 2015 and are revised every five years.

The weighting coefficients used in the period from 2012 to 2017 were calculated on the basis of the PRODCOM Survey on Industrial Production for 2010, while those used in the period from 2009 to 2012 were calculated on the basis of the PRODCOM Survey on Industrial Production for 2005.

In the Republic of Croatia, the structure of industrial activities (division structure) was calculated on the basis of the gross value added of factor costs by the pure activity principle in 2020. It was calculated on the basis of the 2020 annual statistical results of the Structural Business Survey carried out by the Croatian Bureau of Statistics by processing annual results taken over from the administrative data of Fina – the Annual Accounts of Industrial Enterprises in 2020. It was further corrected by the results of the PRODCOM Survey on Industrial Production for 2020 and then by the industrial production volume indices for 2021. The division structure is updated at the beginning of every year for the calculation of the industrial production volume indices in the current year.

Presentation and interpretation of movements in volume of industrial production

The presentation and the interpretation of the industrial production volume indices are in line with Eurostat’s requirements for the presentation of short-term business indicators and with the Regulation (EU) No. 2019/2152 of the European Parliament and of the Council.

The movements of the industrial production volume are presented and interpreted in relation to growth rates calculated on the basis of seasonally adjusted and working-day adjusted indices. Seasonally adjusted indices are used for the monthly comparison of movements of the industrial production volume and working-day adjusted indices for the annual comparison.

Seasonal and working-day adjustment method

Seasonal and working-day adjustment has been done by using the X13 ARIMA method on the monthly index series, which starts with the January 1998 index for the total industry (sections B, C and D, excluding group 35.3 of the NKD 2007.) for the divisions of the NKD 2007. as well as for the MIGs 2009. The effect of a random component in the seasonal adjustment process of time series of indices has been excluded.

Due to the character of the implemented seasonal adjustment method, the extension of the index series by adding new monthly observations for each new month could cause subsequent corrections of the already published seasonally and working-day adjusted indices and trend for several previous months.

Notice concerning the terminology used

In Croatian language, the term “kalendarsko prilagođavanje” (calendar adjustment) is not the literal translation of the term “working-day adjustment” in English which means “adjustment for the number of working days”. It is used in order to prevent misunderstandings by national users.

The term “working-day adjustment” in short-term business statistics actually refers to the calendar adjustment, but due to specific Eurostat's requirements for short-term statistics, the term “working-day adjustment” is used instead.

Seasonally and working-day adjusted indices

The term "seasonally and working-day adjusted" indices is used to indicate that gross indices are adjusted for both seasonal and working-day effects. In line with Eurostat’s requirements for short-term business indicators, the data that are compared to those of the previous month (that is, monthly comparison) are presented in a seasonally and working-day adjusted form of industrial production indices or growth rates calculated from them.

In line with the above mentioned, month-on-month growth rates of the volume of industrial production calculated on the basis of seasonally and working-day adjusted indices (the comparison between the indices of the current reporting month with the indices of the previous reporting month) are presented and interpreted in the monthly comparison (table 1.).

Working-day adjusted indices

The term "working-day adjusted indices" is used to indicate that gross indices are adjusted only for working-day effects in line with Eurostat’s requirements for short-term business indicators, while data compared to those of the same month of a previous year (that is, annual comparison) are presented in a working-day adjusted form of industrial production indices or growth rates calculated from them.

In line with the above mentioned, year-on-year growth rates of the volume of industrial production calculated on the basis of working-day adjusted indices (comparison between indices of the reporting month with the indices of the same reporting month of the previous year) are presented and interpreted in the annual comparison (table 2.).

Gross indices

The term “gross indices” indicates that indices are unadjusted for seasonal and working-day effects. In line with Eurostat’s recommendations and requirements for the industrial production volume index, they are not used for the interpretation of the movement of the industrial production volume. Eurostat does not publish them, neither is it the practice in most Members States. They are presented here (table 3.) just for the information on the activity structure for users’ needs and for the continuity in publishing the industrial production volume indices in the Republic of Croatia.

INDICES OF PRODUCERS' STOCK OF FINISHED PRODUCTS

Definition of indicator

Indices of producers' stock of finished products are the chain volume indices of finished products as defined in the Nomenclature of Industrial Products – NIPUM 2022.

A finished product is considered every product that reached a certain level in the production process and is listed under a separate code and heading in the NIPUM 2022.

Calculation method¹⁾

The volume stock indices of finished products for B and C sections and divisions of the NKD 2007. as well as for the total industry were calculated on the basis of the data on the state of the stocks of finished products at the end of the reporting month, using Laspeyres formula in the same way as for the production indices. Stock indices of finished products are calculated on the basis of the data on the state of the stocks of finished products according to the NIPUM 2022. and an adequate weighting coefficient.

The stock indices for the MIGs 2009. aggregates are calculated in the same way by the predominant end-use of products within the same NKD 2007. activity group. They are harmonised with the EU statistical standards.²⁾

The weighting coefficients of the stocks of finished products, as defined in the NIPUM 2022., were calculated on the basis of constant prices, that is, on the basis of the unit values from the PRODCOM Survey on Industrial Production for 2015 and are revised every five years. The weighting coefficients used in the period from 2009 to 2012 were calculated on the basis of the PRODCOM Survey on Industrial Production for 2005 and those used in the period from 2012 to 2017 were calculated on the basis of the PRODCOM Survey on Industrial Production for 2010.

The basis for the calculation of the volume indices of stocks in 2022 are the states of stocks or the average annual stocks that were calculated on the basis of 12 states of producers' stocks of industrial finished products at the end of each month of 2020.

The presented volume indices of producers' stocks of industrial finished products are not seasonally adjusted or working-day adjusted, which must be taken into account in the interpretation of the results.

INDICES OF PERSONS EMPLOYED AND LABOUR PRODUCTIVITY

Definition of indicators

Indices of persons employed show the dynamics of the number of persons employed in industrial activities of enterprises, excluding persons employed in non-industrial activities of the same enterprise.

Persons employed are persons who work for an employer in the state or private sector and are paid in cash or kind for their work. This includes all persons who have signed a work contract with an employer for a fixed or an unspecified period of time, irrespective of type of ownership and of whether they work full time or less than full time. This also includes trainees, persons on maternity leave, sick leave and persons absent from work for other reasons, until the cessation of employment.

Persons employed are also persons who presently or occasionally work under a contract or for payment in cash or kind as well as retired or unemployed persons and regular students. Persons employed are also persons employed in own trade company, enterprise, craft or free lances.

Calculation method¹⁾

The labour productivity index was calculated as a relation between the volume index of industrial production from the beginning of the year until the end of the reference month and the level index of the number of persons employed in industry, also from the beginning of the year to the end of the reference month. The level index presents the comparison of the current period with the same period of the previous year.

The labour productivity indices for MIGs 2009. aggregates are calculated in the same way, according to the prevailing activity at the NKD 2007. group level, which are published for these types of indicators in order to harmonise them with the EU statistical standards.²⁾

The presented indices of persons employed and labour productivity are not seasonally adjusted, which must be taken into account in the interpretation of the results.

1) Additional information is available in the Studies and Analyses – Short-Term Indicators on Industry, No. 85, Zagreb, 1999, CBS.
2) Commission Regulation (EU) No. 2020/1197 of 30 July 2020 laying down technical specifications and arrangements pursuant to Regulation (EU) No. 2019/2152 of the European Parliament and of the Council as regards the definitions of Main Industrial Groupings (MIGs)

Notice

The Croatian Bureau of Statistics has changed the package and the method of seasonal adjustment of industrial production time series of indices and other short-term indicators. Up until now, the TRAMO-SEATS method was used in the Demetra (version 2.2.) package. Since January 2016, the new X13 ARIMA method in the new JDemetra+ (version 2.0.0. or newer version after they have been officially available) package has been used. Due to this, there was a change in the already published seasonal and working-day adjusted values and corresponding change rates on whole time series.

Additional information can be found in the press release of the Croatian Bureau of Statistics concerning the introduction of a new method of seasonal adjustment of time series, which was published on the web pages of the Croatian Bureau of Statistics at https://podaci.dzs.hr/en/.

 

Abbreviations
CAWI	computer-assisted web interchange
CBS	Croatian Bureau of Statistics
EU	European Union
Eurostat	Statistical Office of the European Communities
Fina	Financial Agency
MIGs 2009.	Main Industrial Groupings, 2009 version
n. e. c.	not elsewhere classified
NIPUM 2022.	Nomenclature of Industrial Products for the Monthly Survey on Industrial Production, 2022 version
NKD 2007.	National Classification of Activities, 2007 version
NN	Narodne novine, official gazette of the Republic of Croatia
PRODCOM	PRODucts of the European COMmunity

 

Symbols
0,0	value not zero but less than 0.05 of the unit of measure used

 

The survey whose data are published in this First Release has been conducted with the financial assistance of the European Union. The contents of this document are the sole responsibility of the Croatian Bureau of Statistics and can under no circumstances be regarded as reflecting the position of the European Union.

 

Published by the Croatian Bureau of Statistics, Zagreb, Ilica 3, P. O. B. 80
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Persons responsible:
Milenka Primorac Čačić, Director of Business Statistics Directorate
Lidija Brković, Director General

Prepared by:
Ivana Zoroja Milić and Slavica Peraić

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