STRUCTURAL BUSINESS INDICATORS OF ENTERPRISES, 2019

Selected final data concerning annual structural business indicators of the ’’non-financial business economy’’ of the Republic of Croatia are presented. It is about the activities of industry, construction, trade and non-financial services, that is, the activities that in major part represent the so-called real sector. Collected data are completely harmonised with relevant EU standards and are internationally comparable.

The data are published for the first time at the level of the statistical unit "enterprise" in accordance with the definition and rules set out in Council Regulation (EEC) No 696/93 of 15 March 1993 on the statistical units for the observation and analysis of the production system in the Community).

Presented data are not comparable with data on the structure and business collected and/or processed according to the methodologies that have a different approach and/or use different concepts and definitions.

Detailed data are available on the web site of the Croatian Bureau of Statistics at www.dzs.hr, under ’’Databases’’, which enables browsing and exporting of data in various formats.

Manufacturing was still the most important activity section

In 2019, there was a total of 182 394 active enterprises in this part of the economy, employing 1 111 669 persons. Those enterprises generated a total turnover of 717.7 billion kuna and a value added of 203.9 billion kuna.

According to the number of persons employed (278 576, or 25.1%) and the generated value added (52.0 billion kuna, or 25.5%), manufacturing was still the most important activity section, while the trade activity section had the largest share in the number of active enterprises (36 919 enterprises, or 20.2%) and the generated turnover (285.9 billion kuna, or 39.8%).

Each person employed generated an average of 183.4 thousand kuna of value added

Apparent labour productivity is one of the measures used by the structural business statistics for observing the economic efficiency, considering that the productivity as a whole depends on other factors of production as well as on the way in which they are combined. The apparent labour productivity is defined as a value added generated per person employed. At the level of non-financial business economy in the Republic of Croatia in 2019, an average labour productivity of 183.4 thousand kuna was generated per person employed.

Average gross operating rate amounted to 12.8%

The success and competitiveness measure of economy is a gross operating rate, expressed in structural business statistics as the share of gross operating surplus (value added less personnel costs) in the generated turnover. The average gross operating rate of the non-financial business economy in the Republic of Croatia in 2019 was 12.8%, which was an increase of 1.1 percentage point compared to 2018. The highest one was recorded in the real estate activity section (43.2%) and in information and communication activities (26.3%), while the lowest one was recorded in the trade activity section (7.3%).

PNG

 

B Mining and quarrying

C Manufacturing

D Electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning supply

E Water supply; sewerage, waste management and remediation activities

F Construction

G Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles

H Transportation and storage

I Accommodation and food service activities

J Information and communication

L Real estate activities

M Professional, scientific and technical activities

N Administrative and support service activities

S95 Repair of computers and personal and household goods

 

SMEs group employs more than two thirds of persons and generates more than half of the value added

In order to present information on business results according to the size of enterprises, a size-class breakdown according to the number of persons employed is used for statistical purposes. Enterprises are classified into two groups: SMEs – small and medium-sized enterprises (micro-sized enterprises are also included) and large enterprises.

Out of all active enterprises, the overwhelming majority (99.8%) were SMEs employing more than two thirds of persons (69.4%) and generating more than half of the value added (59.1%) of the non-financial business economy.

Reviewed by activities, an above-average contribution to the generated value added of SMEs was recorded in service, construction, mining and quarrying and trade activities.

Within the SMEs group itself, micro-sized enterprises were the most numerous, with their share of 92.1% in the total population of the non-financial business economy.

Large enterprises, although with the smallest share (0.2%) in the total active enterprise population, still significantly contributed to employment (30.6%) and the generated value added (40.9%). This group was dominant in the value added generated in industrial activities related to energy supply, while it was not present at all in repairs.

Generally, in the activities of the non-financial business economy, SMEs still retain the largest share in the generated value added and employment.

PNG PNG

 

B Mining and quarrying

C Manufacturing

D Electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning supply

E Water supply; sewerage, waste management and remediation activities

F Construction

G Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles

H Transportation and storage

I Accommodation and food service activities

J Information and communication

L Real estate activities

M Professional, scientific and technical activities

N Administrative and support service activities

S95 Repair of computers and personal and household goods

 

NOTES ON METHODOLOGY

The structural business statistics (SBS) describe the structure, conduct and performance of economic activities valued at market prices by observing active units. They provide information on income and expenditures, size, employment, productivity, national and regional specialisation, investments etc.

The purpose of the structural business statistics survey is monitoring of business and providing internationally comparable data in accordance with the European SBS standards (Regulation (EC) No 295/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 2008). The obtained indicators enable the analysis of business and structural changes of business population. The indicators serve as a basis for performing market analysis and business decision-making as well as for the calculation of the gross domestic product and the assessment of basic macroeconomic categories.

Sources and methods of data collection

The SBS compilation data and those used in the calculation of SBS indicators are collected from the existing administrative and statistical sources. The principal data source is the Annual Financial Report of Entrepreneurs (GFI-POD form). Additional data sources are other financial reports, records of the Tax Administration Office (profit and income taxes) and own surveys of the Croatian Bureau of Statistics (IDU-OK and INV-P forms) according to the relevant methodology.

Observation units

The main observation unit used for the SBS is an enterprise – business entity that is an organisational unit producing goods and/or services and benefits from a certain degree of autonomy. Depending on the business and organisational situation, it may correspond to only one legal unit or a group of several legal units. In addition to legal units, enterprises also include free lances and crafts (since 2019, also those whose activity has been determined on the basis of income tax returns in a lump sum). Council Regulation (EEC) No. 696/93 on the statistical units (https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/HR/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A31993R0696) is fully implemented, and enterprises become the central unit of presentation in structural business statistics. Until the 2019 reference year, legal entities and natural persons were treated as proxies for enterprises, while the use of the common EU definition of enterprises will ensure a clear distinction between these terms.

Each enterprise as a whole is assigned a code number of its principal activity according to the National Classification of Activities. The principal activity is determined and up-dated by the Statistical Business Register (SBR) of the Croatian Bureau of Statistics. The criterion for determining the principal activity is the largest share in the total value added of an enterprise. If it is not possible to obtain the accurate information on the value added, the activity classification has to be determined by using substitute criteria, such as income and/or number of employed persons.

Coverage

Data are presented by sections and divisions of the National Classification of Activities, 2007 version (NKD 2007.). They include active enterprises that are classified into sections B – J and L – N as well as into division 95 of section S of the NKD 2007., according to their principal activity.

Confidentiality

Aggregate data, for which confidentiality must be upheld (because of a small number of units, the dominance rule or secondary confidentiality rule), are treated as such and are not published in line with the Official Statistics Act (NN, No. 25/20) and the Commission Regulation (EC) No. 250/2009 .

Definitions of variables

Number of enterprises (EU code 11110) is the number of enterprises registered in the Statistical Business Register that were active during at least a part of a reference period. A statistical unit is considered to be active if it either had employment or realised turnover or investments. Micro-sized enterprises: less than 10 persons employed; small enterprises: 10 to 49 persons employed; medium-sized enterprises: 50 to 249 persons employed; large enterprises: 250 and more persons employed. Usually, the heading small and medium-sized enterprises (SME) also imply medium-sized, small and micro-sized enterprises. 

Number of persons employed (EU code 16110) is defined as the total number of persons who work in an enterprise (including working proprietors, partners working regularly in the unit, unpaid family workers and voluntary workers), as well as persons who work outside the enterprise who belong to it and are paid by it.

Turnover (EU code 12110) comprises the total accrued incomes from market sales of goods or services to third parties, with the exception of deductible VAT. Incomes classified as financial, other and extraordinary ones are excluded.

Value added at factor costs (EU code 12150) is the gross income from operating activities after adjusting for operating subsidies and indirect taxes, calculated gross (depreciation is not subtracted). Income and expenditure classified as financial is excluded from value added.

Apparent labour productivity (EU code 91110) is defined as the value added at factor costs generated by each person employed.

Gross operating rate (EU code 92110) is the share of the gross operating surplus (value added less personnel costs) in turnover.

 

Abbreviations

EC	European Community
EU	European Union
EU code	EU code of variables
NKD 2007.	National Classification of Activities, 2007 version
NN	Narodne novine, official gazette of the Republic of Croatia
SBS	structural business statistics
SMEs	small and medium-sized enterprises
VAT	value added tax

Symbols

0	value not zero but less than 0.05 of the unit of measure used
-	no occurrence
<	less than

This document has been produced with the financial assistance of the European Union. The contents of this document are the sole responsibility of the Croatian Bureau of Statistics and can under no circumstances be regarded as reflecting the position of the European Union.

 

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Persons responsible:
Milenka Primorac Čačić, Director of Business Statistics Directorate
Lidija Brković, Director General

Prepared by:
Paula Nimac, Stjepan Boroš and Ana Bašadur

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